Corporate News

2024

Result of Retail Offer

28 December 2023

NOT FOR RELEASE, PUBLICATION OR DISTRIBUTION, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, IN OR INTO OR WITHIN THE UNITED STATES, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, CANADA, SOUTH AFRICA OR JAPAN, OR ANY MEMBER STATE OF THE EEA, OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION WHERE, OR TO ANY OTHER PERSON TO WHOM, TO DO SO MIGHT CONSTITUTE A VIOLATION OR BREACH OF ANY APPLICABLE LAW OR REGULATION. PLEASE SEE THE IMPORTANT NOTICE AT THE END OF THIS ANNOUNCEMENT.

THIS ANNOUNCEMENT CONTAINS INSIDE INFORMATION FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE MARKET ABUSE REGULATION (EU) 596/2014 WHICH FORMS PART OF UK LAW BY VIRTUE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (WITHDRAWAL) ACT 2018 ("UK MAR").

Further to the announcement dated 21 December 2023, GENinCode plc (AIM: GENI), the polygenics company focused on the prevention of cardiovascular disease ("CVD"), is pleased to announce that, following the closing of the Retail Offer on the BookBuild platform on 27 December 2023, 1,147,560 Ordinary Shares will be issued at the Issue Price of 5 pence per Retail Offer Share in connection with the Retail Offer, raising an additional £57,378.

Consequently, conditional on the passing of the Resolutions at the General Meeting, 67,576,000 Placing Shares, 12,424,000 Subscription Shares and 1,147,560 Retail Offer Shares, resulting in a total of 81,147,560 new Ordinary Shares, will be issued in relation to the Placing, Subscription and Retail Offer, raising total gross proceeds of £4.06 million.

Admission and Total Voting Rights

Application has been made for the Retail Offer Shares to be admitted to trading on AIM ("Admission"). Admission is expected to take place at 8.00 a.m. on or around 10 January 2024.

The Retail Offer Shares will, when issued, be credited as fully paid up and will have the same rights as the Existing Ordinary Shares including, voting, dividend, return of capital and other rights, and will on issue be free of all claims, liens, charges, encumbrances and equities.

Following Admission, the total number of Ordinary Shares in the capital of the Company in issue will be 176,964,426 with each Ordinary Share carrying the right to one vote. There are no shares held in treasury and therefore, following Admission, the total number of voting rights in the Company will be 176,964,426. The above figure may be used by Shareholders as the denominator for the calculations by which they will determine if they are required to notify their interest in, or a change to their interest in, the share capital of the Company under the FCA's Disclosure, Guidance and Transparency Rules.

Capitalised terms used in this announcement have the meaning given to them in the Placing and Retail Offer announcement dated 21 December 2023, unless otherwise defined in this announcement.

 

For more information visit www.genincode.com

 

Enquiries:

 

GENinCode Plc

www.genincode.com or via Walbrook PR

Matthew Walls, CEO




Cavendish Capital Markets Limited

Tel: +44 (0)20 7220 0500

Giles Balleny/ Dan Hodkinson (Corporate Finance)

Nigel Birks (ECM)

Dale Bellis / Michael Johnson (Sales)

 

 Walbrook PR Limited

Anna Dunphy / Louis Ashe-Jepson /

Phillip Marriage

Tel: 020 7933 8780 or 

[email protected]

Mob: +44 (0)7876 741 001 / +44 (0)7747 515 393 / +44 (0) 7867 984 082

 

About GENinCode:

GENinCode Plc is a UK based company specialising in genetic risk assessment of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide.

GENinCode operates business units in the UK, Europe through GENinCode S.L.U, and in the United States through GENinCode U.S. Inc.

GENinCode predictive technology provides patients and physicians with globally leading preventive care and treatment strategies. GENinCode genetic tests combine clinical algorithms and bioinformatics to provide advanced patient risk assessment for coronary heart disease.

About Cardiovascular Disease (CVD):

Heart and circulatory disease also known as cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year, with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) representing the leading cause of death for men, women, and people of most racial and ethnic groups in the United States. CVD is a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels that include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease and other conditions. More than four out of five CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes, and one third of these deaths occur prematurely in people under 70 years of age. By 2030 the global cost of CVD is set to rise from approximately US$863 billion in 2010 to US$1,044 billion and is both a major health issue and global economic burden.

Cardiovascular disease, causes a quarter of all deaths in the UK and is the largest cause of premature mortality in deprived areas and is the single biggest area where the NHS can save lives over the next 10 years. CVD is largely preventable, through lifestyle changes and a combination of public health and action on smoking and tobacco addiction, obesity, tackling alcohol misuse and food reformulation.

The most important behavioural risk factors of heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol. The effects of behavioural risk factors may show up in individuals as raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and overweight and obesity. These "intermediate risks factors" can be measured in primary care facilities and indicate an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, heart failure and other complications.

Identifying those at highest risk of CVDs and ensuring they receive appropriate treatment can prevent premature deaths. Access to noncommunicable disease medicines and basic health technologies in all primary health care facilities is essential to ensure that those in need receive treatment and counselling.

The current standard of care for assessing cardiovascular risk is primarily based on traditional clinical risk factors such as age, sex, smoking, body mass, blood pressure and cholesterol levels from which individuals are categorised as being at low, moderate or high risk of a CVD event. This categorisation is imperfect as CVD events frequently occur in those thought to be at low or moderate risk. The size of the populations at low or moderate risk are much larger than those at high or very high risk so whilst the relative risk of a CVD event may be small, the absolute number of CVD events in low and moderate risk populations is much greater than the number of events in higher risk categories.

Clinicians have for many years recognised the importance of prior CVD events within the families of their patients because genetic factors contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and a patient's family history has become a surrogate for their inherited genetic risk. In recent years, with the advances of genomics, it has proved possible to add genetic profiling to conventional CVD risk factors, the combination of the two (genetics and conventional clinical risk factors) enhancing the predictive capability of patient risk thereby resulting in a personalised and preventive approach to CVD.

2023

Result of Retail Offer

28 December 2023

NOT FOR RELEASE, PUBLICATION OR DISTRIBUTION, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, IN OR INTO OR WITHIN THE UNITED STATES, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, CANADA, SOUTH AFRICA OR JAPAN, OR ANY MEMBER STATE OF THE EEA, OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION WHERE, OR TO ANY OTHER PERSON TO WHOM, TO DO SO MIGHT CONSTITUTE A VIOLATION OR BREACH OF ANY APPLICABLE LAW OR REGULATION. PLEASE SEE THE IMPORTANT NOTICE AT THE END OF THIS ANNOUNCEMENT.

THIS ANNOUNCEMENT CONTAINS INSIDE INFORMATION FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE MARKET ABUSE REGULATION (EU) 596/2014 WHICH FORMS PART OF UK LAW BY VIRTUE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (WITHDRAWAL) ACT 2018 ("UK MAR").

Further to the announcement dated 21 December 2023, GENinCode plc (AIM: GENI), the polygenics company focused on the prevention of cardiovascular disease ("CVD"), is pleased to announce that, following the closing of the Retail Offer on the BookBuild platform on 27 December 2023, 1,147,560 Ordinary Shares will be issued at the Issue Price of 5 pence per Retail Offer Share in connection with the Retail Offer, raising an additional £57,378.

Consequently, conditional on the passing of the Resolutions at the General Meeting, 67,576,000 Placing Shares, 12,424,000 Subscription Shares and 1,147,560 Retail Offer Shares, resulting in a total of 81,147,560 new Ordinary Shares, will be issued in relation to the Placing, Subscription and Retail Offer, raising total gross proceeds of £4.06 million.

Admission and Total Voting Rights

Application has been made for the Retail Offer Shares to be admitted to trading on AIM ("Admission"). Admission is expected to take place at 8.00 a.m. on or around 10 January 2024.

The Retail Offer Shares will, when issued, be credited as fully paid up and will have the same rights as the Existing Ordinary Shares including, voting, dividend, return of capital and other rights, and will on issue be free of all claims, liens, charges, encumbrances and equities.

Following Admission, the total number of Ordinary Shares in the capital of the Company in issue will be 176,964,426 with each Ordinary Share carrying the right to one vote. There are no shares held in treasury and therefore, following Admission, the total number of voting rights in the Company will be 176,964,426. The above figure may be used by Shareholders as the denominator for the calculations by which they will determine if they are required to notify their interest in, or a change to their interest in, the share capital of the Company under the FCA's Disclosure, Guidance and Transparency Rules.

Capitalised terms used in this announcement have the meaning given to them in the Placing and Retail Offer announcement dated 21 December 2023, unless otherwise defined in this announcement.

 

For more information visit www.genincode.com

 

Enquiries:

 

GENinCode Plc

www.genincode.com or via Walbrook PR

Matthew Walls, CEO




Cavendish Capital Markets Limited

Tel: +44 (0)20 7220 0500

Giles Balleny/ Dan Hodkinson (Corporate Finance)

Nigel Birks (ECM)

Dale Bellis / Michael Johnson (Sales)

 

 Walbrook PR Limited

Anna Dunphy / Louis Ashe-Jepson /

Phillip Marriage

Tel: 020 7933 8780 or 

[email protected]

Mob: +44 (0)7876 741 001 / +44 (0)7747 515 393 / +44 (0) 7867 984 082

 

About GENinCode:

GENinCode Plc is a UK based company specialising in genetic risk assessment of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide.

GENinCode operates business units in the UK, Europe through GENinCode S.L.U, and in the United States through GENinCode U.S. Inc.

GENinCode predictive technology provides patients and physicians with globally leading preventive care and treatment strategies. GENinCode genetic tests combine clinical algorithms and bioinformatics to provide advanced patient risk assessment for coronary heart disease.

About Cardiovascular Disease (CVD):

Heart and circulatory disease also known as cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year, with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) representing the leading cause of death for men, women, and people of most racial and ethnic groups in the United States. CVD is a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels that include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease and other conditions. More than four out of five CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes, and one third of these deaths occur prematurely in people under 70 years of age. By 2030 the global cost of CVD is set to rise from approximately US$863 billion in 2010 to US$1,044 billion and is both a major health issue and global economic burden.

Cardiovascular disease, causes a quarter of all deaths in the UK and is the largest cause of premature mortality in deprived areas and is the single biggest area where the NHS can save lives over the next 10 years. CVD is largely preventable, through lifestyle changes and a combination of public health and action on smoking and tobacco addiction, obesity, tackling alcohol misuse and food reformulation.

The most important behavioural risk factors of heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol. The effects of behavioural risk factors may show up in individuals as raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and overweight and obesity. These "intermediate risks factors" can be measured in primary care facilities and indicate an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, heart failure and other complications.

Identifying those at highest risk of CVDs and ensuring they receive appropriate treatment can prevent premature deaths. Access to noncommunicable disease medicines and basic health technologies in all primary health care facilities is essential to ensure that those in need receive treatment and counselling.

The current standard of care for assessing cardiovascular risk is primarily based on traditional clinical risk factors such as age, sex, smoking, body mass, blood pressure and cholesterol levels from which individuals are categorised as being at low, moderate or high risk of a CVD event. This categorisation is imperfect as CVD events frequently occur in those thought to be at low or moderate risk. The size of the populations at low or moderate risk are much larger than those at high or very high risk so whilst the relative risk of a CVD event may be small, the absolute number of CVD events in low and moderate risk populations is much greater than the number of events in higher risk categories.

Clinicians have for many years recognised the importance of prior CVD events within the families of their patients because genetic factors contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and a patient's family history has become a surrogate for their inherited genetic risk. In recent years, with the advances of genomics, it has proved possible to add genetic profiling to conventional CVD risk factors, the combination of the two (genetics and conventional clinical risk factors) enhancing the predictive capability of patient risk thereby resulting in a personalised and preventive approach to CVD.

2022

Result of Retail Offer

28 December 2023

NOT FOR RELEASE, PUBLICATION OR DISTRIBUTION, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, IN OR INTO OR WITHIN THE UNITED STATES, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, CANADA, SOUTH AFRICA OR JAPAN, OR ANY MEMBER STATE OF THE EEA, OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION WHERE, OR TO ANY OTHER PERSON TO WHOM, TO DO SO MIGHT CONSTITUTE A VIOLATION OR BREACH OF ANY APPLICABLE LAW OR REGULATION. PLEASE SEE THE IMPORTANT NOTICE AT THE END OF THIS ANNOUNCEMENT.

THIS ANNOUNCEMENT CONTAINS INSIDE INFORMATION FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE MARKET ABUSE REGULATION (EU) 596/2014 WHICH FORMS PART OF UK LAW BY VIRTUE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (WITHDRAWAL) ACT 2018 ("UK MAR").

Further to the announcement dated 21 December 2023, GENinCode plc (AIM: GENI), the polygenics company focused on the prevention of cardiovascular disease ("CVD"), is pleased to announce that, following the closing of the Retail Offer on the BookBuild platform on 27 December 2023, 1,147,560 Ordinary Shares will be issued at the Issue Price of 5 pence per Retail Offer Share in connection with the Retail Offer, raising an additional £57,378.

Consequently, conditional on the passing of the Resolutions at the General Meeting, 67,576,000 Placing Shares, 12,424,000 Subscription Shares and 1,147,560 Retail Offer Shares, resulting in a total of 81,147,560 new Ordinary Shares, will be issued in relation to the Placing, Subscription and Retail Offer, raising total gross proceeds of £4.06 million.

Admission and Total Voting Rights

Application has been made for the Retail Offer Shares to be admitted to trading on AIM ("Admission"). Admission is expected to take place at 8.00 a.m. on or around 10 January 2024.

The Retail Offer Shares will, when issued, be credited as fully paid up and will have the same rights as the Existing Ordinary Shares including, voting, dividend, return of capital and other rights, and will on issue be free of all claims, liens, charges, encumbrances and equities.

Following Admission, the total number of Ordinary Shares in the capital of the Company in issue will be 176,964,426 with each Ordinary Share carrying the right to one vote. There are no shares held in treasury and therefore, following Admission, the total number of voting rights in the Company will be 176,964,426. The above figure may be used by Shareholders as the denominator for the calculations by which they will determine if they are required to notify their interest in, or a change to their interest in, the share capital of the Company under the FCA's Disclosure, Guidance and Transparency Rules.

Capitalised terms used in this announcement have the meaning given to them in the Placing and Retail Offer announcement dated 21 December 2023, unless otherwise defined in this announcement.

 

For more information visit www.genincode.com

 

Enquiries:

 

GENinCode Plc

www.genincode.com or via Walbrook PR

Matthew Walls, CEO




Cavendish Capital Markets Limited

Tel: +44 (0)20 7220 0500

Giles Balleny/ Dan Hodkinson (Corporate Finance)

Nigel Birks (ECM)

Dale Bellis / Michael Johnson (Sales)

 

 Walbrook PR Limited

Anna Dunphy / Louis Ashe-Jepson /

Phillip Marriage

Tel: 020 7933 8780 or 

[email protected]

Mob: +44 (0)7876 741 001 / +44 (0)7747 515 393 / +44 (0) 7867 984 082

 

About GENinCode:

GENinCode Plc is a UK based company specialising in genetic risk assessment of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide.

GENinCode operates business units in the UK, Europe through GENinCode S.L.U, and in the United States through GENinCode U.S. Inc.

GENinCode predictive technology provides patients and physicians with globally leading preventive care and treatment strategies. GENinCode genetic tests combine clinical algorithms and bioinformatics to provide advanced patient risk assessment for coronary heart disease.

About Cardiovascular Disease (CVD):

Heart and circulatory disease also known as cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year, with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) representing the leading cause of death for men, women, and people of most racial and ethnic groups in the United States. CVD is a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels that include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease and other conditions. More than four out of five CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes, and one third of these deaths occur prematurely in people under 70 years of age. By 2030 the global cost of CVD is set to rise from approximately US$863 billion in 2010 to US$1,044 billion and is both a major health issue and global economic burden.

Cardiovascular disease, causes a quarter of all deaths in the UK and is the largest cause of premature mortality in deprived areas and is the single biggest area where the NHS can save lives over the next 10 years. CVD is largely preventable, through lifestyle changes and a combination of public health and action on smoking and tobacco addiction, obesity, tackling alcohol misuse and food reformulation.

The most important behavioural risk factors of heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol. The effects of behavioural risk factors may show up in individuals as raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and overweight and obesity. These "intermediate risks factors" can be measured in primary care facilities and indicate an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, heart failure and other complications.

Identifying those at highest risk of CVDs and ensuring they receive appropriate treatment can prevent premature deaths. Access to noncommunicable disease medicines and basic health technologies in all primary health care facilities is essential to ensure that those in need receive treatment and counselling.

The current standard of care for assessing cardiovascular risk is primarily based on traditional clinical risk factors such as age, sex, smoking, body mass, blood pressure and cholesterol levels from which individuals are categorised as being at low, moderate or high risk of a CVD event. This categorisation is imperfect as CVD events frequently occur in those thought to be at low or moderate risk. The size of the populations at low or moderate risk are much larger than those at high or very high risk so whilst the relative risk of a CVD event may be small, the absolute number of CVD events in low and moderate risk populations is much greater than the number of events in higher risk categories.

Clinicians have for many years recognised the importance of prior CVD events within the families of their patients because genetic factors contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and a patient's family history has become a surrogate for their inherited genetic risk. In recent years, with the advances of genomics, it has proved possible to add genetic profiling to conventional CVD risk factors, the combination of the two (genetics and conventional clinical risk factors) enhancing the predictive capability of patient risk thereby resulting in a personalised and preventive approach to CVD.

2021

Result of Retail Offer

28 December 2023

NOT FOR RELEASE, PUBLICATION OR DISTRIBUTION, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, IN OR INTO OR WITHIN THE UNITED STATES, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, CANADA, SOUTH AFRICA OR JAPAN, OR ANY MEMBER STATE OF THE EEA, OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION WHERE, OR TO ANY OTHER PERSON TO WHOM, TO DO SO MIGHT CONSTITUTE A VIOLATION OR BREACH OF ANY APPLICABLE LAW OR REGULATION. PLEASE SEE THE IMPORTANT NOTICE AT THE END OF THIS ANNOUNCEMENT.

THIS ANNOUNCEMENT CONTAINS INSIDE INFORMATION FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE MARKET ABUSE REGULATION (EU) 596/2014 WHICH FORMS PART OF UK LAW BY VIRTUE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (WITHDRAWAL) ACT 2018 ("UK MAR").

Further to the announcement dated 21 December 2023, GENinCode plc (AIM: GENI), the polygenics company focused on the prevention of cardiovascular disease ("CVD"), is pleased to announce that, following the closing of the Retail Offer on the BookBuild platform on 27 December 2023, 1,147,560 Ordinary Shares will be issued at the Issue Price of 5 pence per Retail Offer Share in connection with the Retail Offer, raising an additional £57,378.

Consequently, conditional on the passing of the Resolutions at the General Meeting, 67,576,000 Placing Shares, 12,424,000 Subscription Shares and 1,147,560 Retail Offer Shares, resulting in a total of 81,147,560 new Ordinary Shares, will be issued in relation to the Placing, Subscription and Retail Offer, raising total gross proceeds of £4.06 million.

Admission and Total Voting Rights

Application has been made for the Retail Offer Shares to be admitted to trading on AIM ("Admission"). Admission is expected to take place at 8.00 a.m. on or around 10 January 2024.

The Retail Offer Shares will, when issued, be credited as fully paid up and will have the same rights as the Existing Ordinary Shares including, voting, dividend, return of capital and other rights, and will on issue be free of all claims, liens, charges, encumbrances and equities.

Following Admission, the total number of Ordinary Shares in the capital of the Company in issue will be 176,964,426 with each Ordinary Share carrying the right to one vote. There are no shares held in treasury and therefore, following Admission, the total number of voting rights in the Company will be 176,964,426. The above figure may be used by Shareholders as the denominator for the calculations by which they will determine if they are required to notify their interest in, or a change to their interest in, the share capital of the Company under the FCA's Disclosure, Guidance and Transparency Rules.

Capitalised terms used in this announcement have the meaning given to them in the Placing and Retail Offer announcement dated 21 December 2023, unless otherwise defined in this announcement.

 

For more information visit www.genincode.com

 

Enquiries:

 

GENinCode Plc

www.genincode.com or via Walbrook PR

Matthew Walls, CEO




Cavendish Capital Markets Limited

Tel: +44 (0)20 7220 0500

Giles Balleny/ Dan Hodkinson (Corporate Finance)

Nigel Birks (ECM)

Dale Bellis / Michael Johnson (Sales)

 

 Walbrook PR Limited

Anna Dunphy / Louis Ashe-Jepson /

Phillip Marriage

Tel: 020 7933 8780 or 

[email protected]

Mob: +44 (0)7876 741 001 / +44 (0)7747 515 393 / +44 (0) 7867 984 082

 

About GENinCode:

GENinCode Plc is a UK based company specialising in genetic risk assessment of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide.

GENinCode operates business units in the UK, Europe through GENinCode S.L.U, and in the United States through GENinCode U.S. Inc.

GENinCode predictive technology provides patients and physicians with globally leading preventive care and treatment strategies. GENinCode genetic tests combine clinical algorithms and bioinformatics to provide advanced patient risk assessment for coronary heart disease.

About Cardiovascular Disease (CVD):

Heart and circulatory disease also known as cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year, with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) representing the leading cause of death for men, women, and people of most racial and ethnic groups in the United States. CVD is a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels that include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease and other conditions. More than four out of five CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes, and one third of these deaths occur prematurely in people under 70 years of age. By 2030 the global cost of CVD is set to rise from approximately US$863 billion in 2010 to US$1,044 billion and is both a major health issue and global economic burden.

Cardiovascular disease, causes a quarter of all deaths in the UK and is the largest cause of premature mortality in deprived areas and is the single biggest area where the NHS can save lives over the next 10 years. CVD is largely preventable, through lifestyle changes and a combination of public health and action on smoking and tobacco addiction, obesity, tackling alcohol misuse and food reformulation.

The most important behavioural risk factors of heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol. The effects of behavioural risk factors may show up in individuals as raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and overweight and obesity. These "intermediate risks factors" can be measured in primary care facilities and indicate an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, heart failure and other complications.

Identifying those at highest risk of CVDs and ensuring they receive appropriate treatment can prevent premature deaths. Access to noncommunicable disease medicines and basic health technologies in all primary health care facilities is essential to ensure that those in need receive treatment and counselling.

The current standard of care for assessing cardiovascular risk is primarily based on traditional clinical risk factors such as age, sex, smoking, body mass, blood pressure and cholesterol levels from which individuals are categorised as being at low, moderate or high risk of a CVD event. This categorisation is imperfect as CVD events frequently occur in those thought to be at low or moderate risk. The size of the populations at low or moderate risk are much larger than those at high or very high risk so whilst the relative risk of a CVD event may be small, the absolute number of CVD events in low and moderate risk populations is much greater than the number of events in higher risk categories.

Clinicians have for many years recognised the importance of prior CVD events within the families of their patients because genetic factors contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and a patient's family history has become a surrogate for their inherited genetic risk. In recent years, with the advances of genomics, it has proved possible to add genetic profiling to conventional CVD risk factors, the combination of the two (genetics and conventional clinical risk factors) enhancing the predictive capability of patient risk thereby resulting in a personalised and preventive approach to CVD.